特发性肺纤维化患者的新希望
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)是一种致命疾病,其中肺组织变得逐渐变得永久疤痕。疤痕组织增厚和变硬,使肺部难以吸入空气并将氧气移动到血液中。IPF随着时间的推移恶化,直到肺不能再向身体的器官和组织提供足够的氧气。许多患者在诊断的三到五年内死亡。
影响大约100,000名美国人的IPF没有已知的原因,也没有治愈。直到最近,缺乏有效治疗。但2014年,美国食品和药物管理局批准了尼丁南(OFEV)和Pirfenidone(ESBRIET),第一批药物表现出降低IPF恶化。
这些药物不会阻止这种疾病,这太快了解他们有多少患者有帮助,是否可以延长生命。尽管如此,这些都是国际植达运用书的许多人的欢迎治疗选择。这是你应该知道的。
有效和安全
ofev基于1,231名IPF患者的三项临床试验赢得了FDA批准。北欧北部的批准是基于称为上升的大型临床试验的结果,并得到另外两项试验,共有1,247名IPF患者的支持。
在奥布莱特的奥夫法试验和提升中,随机分配了患有轻度到IPF的中度案例的患者,每年接受药物或安慰剂。然后研究人员比较了用药物治疗的患者的肺功能与接受安慰剂的患者。
肺功能由强制生气能力(FVC)确定,呼吸试验测量肺部可以保持多少空气。肺容量的下降表明IPF恶化。
调查结果是published in the新英格兰医学杂志那与安慰剂组相比,随着OFEV或Esbriet治疗的患者肺功能下降显着降低。每种药物都似乎将FVC的速度降低到类似程度。
比较两种药物没有完成的研究,所以它不确定一个人是否提供了其他优势。2015年,美国胸部社会(ATS)在2015年的准则中给出了每个药物,条件推荐,而不赞美另一个版本。
Ofev and Esbriet are pills. Ofev slows the progression of IPF by blocking multiple pathways that may be involved in the scarring of lung tissue.
埃斯布岛如何完全明白的机制,但据信这些药物会干扰促进炎症和瘢痕组织形成的体内物质的生产。
药物副作用
腹泻是IFEV试验中的主要副作用。其他常见的副作用包括恶心,腹痛,呕吐,胃口,头痛和高血压。
此外,OFEV可能会增加心脏病发作,中风,出血问题的风险和胃或肠壁的泪水。OFEV还可以在未出生的婴儿中引起出生缺陷或死亡,因此女性不应该在服用药物时怀孕。
The major side effects with Esbriet were nausea and increased sensitivity to sunlight that can result in a severe sunburn, rash, or skin itchiness, redness, or dryness. Patients in the Esbriet trials also reported gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea and heartburn, upper respiratory infections, fatigue, headache, dizziness, decreased appetite, sleeplessness, and joint pain. It is not known whether Esbriet can harm an unborn baby.
两种药物都有肝酶升高的风险,这可能是肝损伤的迹象。血液测试应该在治疗前和治疗前进行,以检查肝脏是如何工作的。
ATS指导方针
Ofev和Esbriet每收到一个条件recommendation from the medical society. That means that the treatment will not be appropriate for all patients. For example, some patients may not be willing to tolerate certain side effects. Another concern is that the drugs are very expensive (see below).
The guidelines also note a number of unanswered questions about Ofev and Esbriet. For instance, can they help people with severe cases of IPF? Will the drugs continue to slow the progression of IPF with treatment beyond a year? Can Ofev and Esbriet be taken in combination, or one after the other, and would that be better than taking only one of the drugs?
Although questions remain, the results so far have been promising. Many patients with IPF now have two treatments that are helping slow the course of their disease.
帮助药物成本
The wholesale price of Esbriet is about $7,800 for a month’s supply of pills, or approximately $94,000 for a year. Ofev’s wholesale cost is $8,000 per month, or about $96,000 per year.
The maker of each drug offers programs that provide free medicine for eligible patients or assistance with insurance co-pays for patients who qualify. The programs also provide nursing support. To learn more:
•For Esbriet, go toesbriet.com.或致电844-esbriet(1-844-372-7438)进行财务援助,或844-693-7274用于护理支持。
•对于ofev,去ofev.com或致电866开门(866-673-6366)。