什么是肾上腺素匆忙？
Adrenaline is a hormone that accelerates the breakdown of sugar in the liver to provide fast-acting energy to be used during moments of stress, resulting in an “adrenaline rush.”
After finishing off another great day of downhill skiing, a 70-year-old man steps into his car.He should be exhausted, especially given the eight hours of abuse he just inflicted upon his body.Instead, he screams at the top of his lungs, "I LOVE IT!!!" and rides that rush of excitement for the duration of the drive home.
This anecdote isn't made up – it was a very real occurrence when skiing with a friend's grandfather, and if the other passengers in the car were unaware of this behavior, it might scare the bejeezus out of them. What pushes an elderly man to act in such a way? And how does he continue to behave like a man half his age?
祖父Z正在骑行肾上腺素匆忙。
我们都在那里，我们都熟悉术语。也许它不是滑雪，但能源的激增可能是另一个运动的产品，完成了一个跑步的种族或完成了另一个看似不可思议的挑战。肾上腺素匆忙是一件非常真实的，它背后非常真实。
Adrenaline is a hormone that accelerates the breakdown of sugar in the liver to provide fast-acting energy to be used during moments of stress. While sports may not seem like "stress," digging deep into your person for one final burst of energy certainly creates such an effect. Originally discovered in 1915 by biochemist Earl Sutherland, adrenaline was found to latch itself onto a receptor on a cell's surface, which triggers the cell to send out signals to jumpstart its metabolism. This activity stimulates the cells, which causes a ripple effect, stimulating the body as a whole (McMurray 1995).
您可能会经历的肾上腺素急转振会导致身体的真正的生理变化，这可以改变肌肉收缩（Marsden等人1970）。除了肌肉效果外，肾上腺素还告诉大脑将心脏泵送得更快。这种增加的心脏输出为肌肉提供更多的氧气，允许肌肉以最有效的容量（MedlinePlus 2012）。例如，人们获得超人力量 - 例如，从燃烧的小心战胜 - 就是基于现实，因为人们真的可以在适当的情况下进行令人难以置信的活动。
Adrenaline, notably, is also used in injection form to treat some life-threatening allergic reactions. Epinephrine is in a class of medications called alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists, the injectable form of the hormone. But before you think that adrenaline injections can act as a performance-enhancer, scientific studies have found that taking injections of the hormone do not translate into enhanced athletic capabilities (Davis et al 2008). Similarly, artificially triggering the "fight or flight" human response could ultimately prove to be detrimental, as cell receptors receiving adrenaline can become desensitized. Too much adrenaline in the bloodstream, too, can lead to heart failure, according to research from the NIH (Boynton 2012).
Before swearing off adrenaline as a wholly bad thing, remember that these issues come about largely from artificially triggering the body's hormones. Instead, make like Grandpa Z, and stick with more organic ways of achieving that rush.
Boynton, E. (June 7, 2012). "Doubling down on heart failure: researchers discover new route to disease, and drugs to match."罗切斯特大学医学中心:消息.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/index.cfm?id=3532
David, E., Loiacono, R., Summers, R. (May 26, 2008). "The rush to adrenaline: drugs in sport acting on the β-adrenegic system."British Journal of Pharmacology卷。154 (3):584-597.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2439523/
Marsden，C.，Meadows，J.（1970年4月）。“肾上腺素对人体肌肉收缩的影响。”Journal of Physiology卷。207（2）：429-448。ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1348716/
McMurrya, E. (1995). "Anatomy of an adrenaline rush."Notable 20thCentury Scientists.news.sciencemag.org/1999/11/anatomy-adrenaline-rush
MedlinePlus. (December 9, 2012). "Epinephrine and exercise."MedlinePlus.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000051.htm
