10 Causes of Osteoarthritis You Might Not Know

Though scientists are still investigating the role genetics plays in OA, research suggests it is a factor, says Dr. Ashany. Studies of identical twins suggest that genetics accounts for about 50% of OA risk—meaning if your parent or sibling has it, you’re definitely at increased risk. Researchers have even linked specific genes to OA, reports the National Institutes of Health, mostly those involved in forming and maintaining bone and cartilage. These faulty genes could impair the cartilage’s ability to heal, contributing to the risk of developing arthritis.

旧金山大学骨科手术教授Brian Seney，M.D.Brian Seney，M.D.1之一是受伤的最大原因。因为软骨或骨骼受到损坏，所以关节可能更快地磨损。对于膝盖，如果你撕裂你的前十字架韧带（ACL），你在10年内开发膝关节OA的四倍;如果你伤害你的半月板（在膝盖上吸收软骨），那可能是六次。由于骨折或严重应变，脚踝OA可以发育。感觉博士说，肩部关节炎可以由于旋转袖口撕裂而发展。

虽然损伤可以增加在较年轻的年龄的情况下发育关节炎的风险，但大多数人在55之后诊断出来，感觉博士，也许是因为骨骼之间的软骨随着时间的推移而自然染点。Ashany博士说，年龄也会影响肌肉力量，平衡和“预言” - 您对身体定位的意识。这可能意味着较少的联合控制和伤害的风险较高 - 这（正如我们已经涵盖的那样）增加了您开发OA的风险。

妇女比男性更有可能开发OA，但原因尚不清楚。在绝经年度期间，风险尤为较高，导致一些研究人员推测它可能是荷尔蒙 - 但不是很多证据支持，而且Ashany博士表示，它可能与荷尔蒙的年龄相关。或者原因可能更简单：也许女性只是比男人更喜欢医生，说博士说。

Having a body mass index of 25 or higher can raise the risk of knee OA three-fold. Carrying extra weight adds stress to your knees, hips, and spine—up to 60 pounds’ worth if you’re just 10 pounds overweight—accelerating wear-and-tear. In fact, for lower-extremity OA, says Dr. Feeley, “the most effective treatment is weight loss.” Even non-weight-bearing joints can be affected, though, because fat cells promote inflammation all over, including in and around your joints. This may be a reason why hand OA is twice as common in obese people as it is in leaner folks.

Sometimes OA boils down to the way your body is put together, says Dr. Ashany, which can impact the mechanics of how you move. Flat feet cause less stability and more joint stress, while a high arch is less mobile and can lead joints to jam. A hip condition called femoroacetabular impingement—where the ball doesn’t fit well into the socket—can damage cartilage. And scoliosis, or poor spinal alignment, can stress the spine. Those with a disparity in leg lengths—of as little as a half inch—may be more likely to develop knee OA, perhaps due to the uneven load.

你的膝盖或肘部是否直接延伸？你可以触摸你的前臂拇指，或弯曲你的手指回来吗？“有些人是自然出生的超灵活性，”ashany博士说。孩子们称之为双关联;医生称之为高兴。Ashany博士说，能够超越典型的运动范围可能意味着你对关节上的压力更加压力（再次，这可能会使关节更快地磨损）。它也意味着你的韧带更宽松，增加了伤害的风险。

Work that demands repetitive motions can stress the joints and increase OA risk, says Ali Askari, M.D., division chief of rheumatology with University Hospitals in Cleveland. Research shows that people whose work requires heavy lifting, or excessive kneeling, squatting, or standing—like farming, mining, construction, or professional dancing—are more likely to develop OA. Can’t avoid it? Remember to take breaks! If OA symptoms are too much, talk to your employer about options, says Bill Robinson, M.D., chief of immunology and rheumatology at Stanford Medicine—he has one patient, a postal worker, who transitioned from a walking route to a desk job after developing knee OA.

Askari博士说，缺乏运动可能导致肌肉博士，这可能会增加OA的风险。在一项研究审查近6000名参与者中，膝关节伸肌肌的人（包括Quadriceps，大腿前面）比强大的人类发展膝关节OA的症状更高的可能性。其他研究表明，加强您的四肢可以减少疼痛，并在膝关节OA的人中改善物理功能。关节可以在没有强烈肌肉的情况下溜出正确的位置，以保持其到位，增加伤害风险。保持你的四肢强大，力量练习，如蹲下，腿部压力机和喘息。

高血压，心脏病和糖尿病都与OA相关联。由于它们都享有肥胖，年龄和不活动等危险因素。但有些研究表明，更深的连接：例如，来自糖尿病的高血糖可以触发炎症蛋白的释放，以及构建在接头和损伤关节的化合物（晚期糖化末端产品）。Akari博士说，OA也可以是血清疏松性关节炎以及血细胞症（“铁超负荷”）和血细胞症（“铁过载”） - 这两个条件都可以引发联合软骨的退行性变化，导致OA。