如何点骨关节炎(以及该怎么办)
There’s nothing easyabout osteoarthritis (OA)—a degenerative disease that affects the smooth cartilage lining of your joints. Symptoms can come on gradually, worsening over time until the joint no longer functions properly. Catching OA early can prevent significant tissue damage—but it’s tricky to spot. “Some people don’t feel symptoms of osteoarthritis until it has progressed quite a bit,” says Dominic King, D.O., and orthopedic and sports medicine physician at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio. These are five red flags to keep an eye out for.
Pain
并不是所有的骨的疼痛都是平等的。“有a variety of ways a person experiences the pain,” says King. Some people feel a sharp or stabbing pain during activity while other people get a dull and achy sensation when they’ve been resting and then start moving again. Some lucky folks get a combination of both. Says King, “The pain is typically coming from inflammation of the synovium (the capsule around the knee), the meniscus (shock absorber inside the knee), or the bone under the cartilage.”
Stiffness
As with pain, not all joints develop stiffness the same way. For instance, your shoulder may only develop stiffness in certain directions, such as reaching behind your back. “Joint stiffness is not easily explained,” says John Fitzgerald, M.D., a clinical professor of medicine in the division of rheumatology at the University of California, Los Angeles. A possible cause: Joint fluid temporarily thickens when you’ve been sitting a while, adding resistance when you try to stand. “This stiffness typically resolves with motion,” says King.
肿胀
关节的肿胀可以轻微至中等,并且在活动后更可能发生。肿胀由迁移到关节和关节周围的炎症细胞(白细胞)引发,导致流体堆积。某些关节可能比其他关节更肿胀。“膝关节常见地肿胀,”King说。臀部或肩膀上的可能性不太可能(更难看)。“在他们的肿胀水平方面,手腕和脚踝在肿胀的范围内。”
Reduced Range of Motion
早期使用OA,您可能难以通过其整个范围移动联合。例如,减少的运动范围可以逐渐 - 膝盖,例如,当你起床时完全完全延伸,但随着时间的推移,你可能会意识到当你站立时不再真正伸直。如果膝盖或臀部的运动范围受到限制,那么爬楼梯就像突然更加困难。肿胀和僵硬有助于该范围的损失。
联合噪音
你的关节就像一把铰链,默默地来回摆动你的骨头。骨关节炎的早期迹象可能是弹出,点击或捕捉在您的关节中的声音或感觉 - 被称为蠕动。(“蠕动”这个词意味着拉丁语吱吱作响。)“如果它是无痛的,那么它不太可能是一个问题,”King说。“但是,如果它是痛苦的,那可以是骨关节炎的迹象。”由于关节变性,弹性弹性和捕获可能是由于接头摩擦的不规则软骨表面而导致的。
How Weight Loss Helps
如果你的臀部,膝盖,脚踝和脚有骨关节炎,那么你的臀部,膝盖,脚踝和你超重,那么菲茨杰拉德博士说,现在是时候脱掉了一些英镑了。减肥减少关节力,减少运动的疼痛。“减肥可以来自有氧运动,比如轻快的行走和骑自行车,但在饮食摄入量减少时几乎总是最有效的,”杜克风湿病学副教授副教授大学医疗中心在达姆兰,北卡州省达姆兰。
为什么锻炼很重要
当你有关节疼痛,僵硬或肿胀时,想要减少活动是自然的。但实际上,你应该相反。“关节不仅仅是骨骼和软骨,还没有肌肉,肌腱和韧带,”Fitzgerald博士说。“我们无法修复关节炎,但我们可以通过锻炼来提高关节的力量和稳定性。”随着有氧运动,如步行和游泳,缓慢的伸展和力量训练可以帮助带有移动性的关节。检查有物理治疗师,以确保你正在做运动!
你应该尝试物理治疗吗?
“在骨关节炎的早期阶段,除了减肥(如果你是肥胖),最关键的治疗成分是物理治疗,”霍夫曼博士相信。物理治疗师可以教授您的特定练习,以保护您的关节,同时提高它们周围的肌肉力量。此外,物理治疗师可以使用冷或热疗法来缓解疼痛,肿胀和刚度。许多物理治疗师使用动手(手动)治疗技术来改善关节的运动范围,以及提高强度和灵活性。
Seek Help for Early Signs
If you experience any of these early symptoms of osteoarthritis, don’t ignore them—it could make matters worse. Instead, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider who may refer you to an orthopedist, rheumatologist, or physical therapist. Learning that you have osteoarthritis is a bummer—but it’s better to find out now so you can make lifestyle changes and explore treatments, including physical therapy, that may prevent or reduce the risk of joint dysfunction and damage in the future.
运动和骨关节炎:骨关节炎和软骨。(2019)。“Oarsi膝关节,臀部和多种骨关节炎的非手术管理指南。”pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31278997/
体重管理和骨关节炎:Journal of Pain Research。(2018)。“膝关节骨关节炎:病理生理学和目前的治疗方式。”ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc6179584/
Physical Therapy and Osteoarthritis:Journal of Physical Therapy Science。(2018)。“Effect of a Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Program on Knee Osteoarthritis in Patients with Different Pain Intensities.”ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5851371/
珍珠的黑石是一个科学家和记者,有一个不拘一格的背景。她是一名营养师和运动生理学家,他们经常写关于旅行,健康,健身和食物的众多顶级出版物。Jeanine享有活跃的旅行,特别是长途骑自行车和越野滑雪。