9 Ways to Help Someone Having a Seizure

在抽搐的癫痫发作期间，一个人可能落到地上，可能难以移动它们。“但即使是非痉挛的癫痫发作也可以变成一个抽搐的癫痫发作，”Fesler博士说。如果这个人仍然站立，请轻轻地缓解坐姿。甚至比坐在椅子上更好，她注意到，坐在地板上，远离可能导致伤害的硬或锋利的物体。如果有人在一个主要的危险之源附近有一个痉挛性癫痫发作，就像一条繁忙的道路一样，尽力让他们安全。

Many seizure treatments are time-dependent, says Dr. Fesler. “The vast majority of seizures will stop on their own within a couple of minutes.” Keep an eye on the clock and note the person’s symptoms. Call 911 if the seizure lasts five minutes or longer, you know they have never had a seizure before, they have one seizure after another, or if you don’t know the person or their medical history. Prolonged seizures require emergency medical intervention because they could lead to permanent brain damage.

在该人落下或击中自己的情况下，将尖锐或固体物体移开是很重要的。“在癫痫发作期间伤害自己往往比缉获本身更大，”乔治•尼古，M.D.Southern California大学临床神经科助理教授，南加州大学凯克医学院和凯克医院癫痫监测单位医学总监辅导教授。如果他们拿着一些东西，试着把它从他们的手中拿出来。如果他们穿眼镜，请将它们删除。如果它们在玻璃桌附近，请将其推开。

“Many people believe that you should hold a person down during a seizure to protect them, but the opposite is true,” says Dr. Fesler. Restraining someone who can’t control their movements can cause unintentional injury to them or you. “You run the risk of dislocating a shoulder or something.” Similarly, don’t try to “wake up” the person by shaking them or splashing their face with water, which can cause choking. Remember, most seizures will be over in a minute or two, and the sufferer will wake up on their own.

You may have heard that you should put something in the person’s mouth to prevent them from swallowing their tongue, but again, this is a legend that hurts more than it helps. Forcing someone’s mouth open and inserting任何事物could cause choking, cut their gums, harm their jaw, or chip their teeth. Keep in mind, says Dr. Nune, “while people can and sometimes do bite their tongues during a seizure, it’s impossible to swallow your own tongue.”

A person may vomit during or after a seizure; rolling them to one side can reduce the risk of choking and also help them breathe. However, it may be hard to do this if they are stiff or shaking violently. In that case, wait until the seizure has subsided, and then gently turn them. If someone does stop breathing,do not在癫痫发作结束之前，试图给口口复苏。人们经常会自己恢复呼吸。

During a convulsive seizure, a person may bang their head against the floor, which can cause bleeding or another injury. To cushion the blow and reduce the risk of harm, place something soft and flat—like a folded blanket or sweater—underneath their head. If there’s nothing around, simply cup your hands around the back of their head.

围巾，领带或项链可以缠绕在一个人的喉咙周围，使其难以呼吸。尽可能最好地，小心地拆除或松开颈部周围的任何衣服或配件，以及由于抽搐而导致鼻子或嘴巴的任何物品。如果这个人在癫痫发作期间受伤或窒息，请致电911。

People often emerge from a seizure feeling dazed, disoriented, or agitated. “Your brain is kind of exhausted, and it can take a while to come back to yourself,” says Dr. Nune. The sufferer may act groggy or ask the same questions over and over. Stay with her and comfort her as she wakes up. “If they don’t come around after 20 or 30 minutes, or their confusion seems to get worse rather than better, they should be evaluated,” says Dr. Fesler.