皮肤的天然老化过程

Natural aging of skin is marked by:

• 细胞周转速度 - 当新的皮肤细胞替代旧的皮肤细胞的衰退时，使皮肤更脆弱并易受伤害和感染。
• 降低血液流向皮肤，这导致增加瘀伤和较慢的愈合。
• 皮下脂肪的损失，这构成了作为绝缘材料的底部皮肤层，使得温度较难并吸收冲击。

• 汗腺数量减少，损害了身体的冷却系统。
• Repeated exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun accelerates certain changes to the skin and causes additional damage. The more damage, the more vulnerable skin becomes to disorders, sometimes serious enough to affect your quality of life. Experts also warn that some dermatological changes may be signs of more serious underlying conditions and shouldn’t be overlooked.

干燥病,简单地说,是非常干燥的皮肤。任何人都可以get dry skin, but older adults are more susceptible. They’re also more likely to take medications that can dry skin. Preventing and soothing dry skin is important because xerosis is an underlying cause of other skin disorders, such as eczema or an infection. Without extra care to retain proper moisture balance, dry skin can become rough, scaly, flaky, and itchy and appear gray or ashen in people with dark skin tones.

Dry skin is itchy, and scratching tears it. Continued itching and scratching can cause a condition called lichenification—hardened, thickened, leathery patches. Dry skin cracks easily, may bleed or weep, and heals slowly, allowing germs to enter through breaks and cracks, causing infection. In this case, simply remoisturizing is unlikely to correct it. To treat it, you may need a prescription cream or ointment to tame the itch, and treatment to heal an infection or other condition.

Pruritus, or itchy skin, is one of the most common skin complaints of older adults. The itching itself may be related to xerosis, a drug side effect, or a symptom of another problem, such as eczema or shingles. Determining the cause of the itching is important. Itchy skin without a rash may signal an underlying condition such as iron deficiency, lymphoma, or problems with thyroid, liver, or kidney function.

为了治疗它，低过敏性润滑乳液可以缓解瘙痒。包含薄荷醇，樟脑或苯酚的乳液可以以冷却感应的形式提供浮雕。您的医生可以用皮质类固醇或利多卡因（局部麻醉剂）开立局部剂。更严重的病例可能需要短期抗组胺药。

Asteaticatoric湿疹is a form of xerosis. With this eczema type, the skin rash appears as scaly plaques with interconnected fissures, giving the appearance of cracked porcelain. The rash typically occurs on the lower legs (called eczema craquelé) but may also surface on the upper arms, thighs, or lower back. To treat it, try moisturizing and avoiding environmental irritants that exacerbate the condition, such as very cold air or very hot bathwater.

A seborrheic keratosis is a usually harmless skin growth, tumor, or lesion on skin where hair grows, such as the head, neck or trunk. It can vary in appearance; are usually tan to dark brown; and have a rough, wart-like surface that can make them appear “stuck” on the skin. A doctor should examine the growths to rule out cancer. To treat it, many people have them removed for cosmetic reasons, but removing them may be medically necessary if they bleed, itch, cause pain, or obstruct vision.

接触性皮炎是指皮肤变红和发炎，类似于燃烧的病症，以应对与刺激物或过敏原接触。与衰老相关的免疫应答降低使得过敏相关皮炎不太可能。然而，您可能会发现您对香水等刺激物变得更加敏感。要对待它，消除违规的触发器。常见的罪魁祸首包括在一些香水，化妆品和洗浴用品中发现的镍，香料和成分。

大疱性斑脂蛋白看起来像是有时痒的大型水疱，往往是正常或发炎的皮肤，通常在手臂和腿的折痕中。它被认为是一种自身免疫性疾病，但被认为是无害的。某些药物，例如呋塞米（减少水保留）和烯丙胺（以治疗高血压或心力衰竭），可能会引发该条件。治疗它，尝试口服或局部皮质类固醇。

静脉功能不全可能会导致腿部或脚踝，静脉曲张，腿部溃疡或皮肤硬化的发红或肤色变化，或称为脂质病粥样硬化的硬化。它是一种慢性血管条件，阻碍了腿部的血流。这不是一种皮肤病，但它的症状可以使它出现如此。治疗它，尝试压缩长袜和受影响的肢体的升高。局部类固醇或抗生素可能被规定治疗皮肤影响的症状。

带状疱疹（疱疹疱疹）呈现为痛苦的皮肤皮疹，由以前休眠的种族疱疹病毒的形式引发，与产生水痘的同样的病毒。它可以持续两周并最终结痂，但神经疼痛可以持续存在。为了治疗它，抗病毒药物在皮疹外观的三天内使用最有效。额外的疗法可能会治疗持续的痛苦。最好的治疗方法是预防：如果你超过60岁，请问你的医生为带疱疹疫苗。

Actinic keratosis develops as a dry, flat, scaly spot and is caused by cumulative sun damage. The rough-textured lesion feels hard and calloused and can range from the size of a pinhead to larger than a quarter. Color may be skin tone to reddish brown. Actinic keratoses take years to develop and appear on sun-exposed areas, such as the face, scalp, neck, and hands. People who develop numerous actinic keratoses tend to have repeated occurrences throughout life.

To treat it, actinic keratoses or any skin lesions should never be dismissed as “just age spots.” They have the potential to become squamous cell carcinoma, a serious form of skin cancer. See your doctor for evaluation and treatment.

Skin cancers are the most common cancer type in the world, with more than 2 million cases diagnosed in the United States each year. Most people get skin cancer from too much sun (or tanning beds). Fortunately, when most skin cancers, such as basal cell cancers, are caught early, they can be cured. Even potentially more serious types, such as squamous cell cancer and melanoma, have high cure rates when detected at an early stage.

为了治疗它，任何新的，生长或改变的皮肤生长或痣，尤其是渗透，瘙痒或引起疼痛的痣，如果需要，可以建议治疗的医生检查。