溃疡性结肠炎的补充剂：你应该采取什么？

UC causes inflammation throughout your large intestine, but fortunately this area isn’t as important in absorbing vitamins or minerals as your small intestine, says Dr. Yen. Still, because inflammation during UC flares means your body is working harder to protect itself, you may need to up your caloric and nutrient intake during this time, explains Diane Javelli, R.D. a clinical dietitian with the University of Washington Medical Center’s IBD Center.

Fantasy: You eat a well-balanced diet that gives you all the vitamins and minerals you need every day. Reality: During a UC flare, there is often nothing balanced about what’s going in—or coming out—of your body. If you’re having a lot of diarrhea, the food and nutrients you consume may not have a chance to be fully absorbed, says Javelli. Plus, many people avoid certain nutrient-dense foods such as fruit, vegetables, and whole grains because these can worsen symptoms, leaving you a day late and dollar short when it comes to nutrition.

“由于UC患者可能无法获得适当的营养有这么多的原因，通常建议他们服用多种维生素来帮助任何营养空缺，”Javelli说。然而，如果您对任何特定的维生素或矿物质较低，则单独的多种维生素可能不会足够。溃疡性结肠炎人的一些常见缺陷包括铁，维生素D，钙，叶酸和维生素B12。

不要猜到何时遇到营养。每年至少进行一次血统计数测试，包括测试您的铁和铁蛋白水平（显示您的身体储存铁的程度）。您的实验室工作还将揭示关于维生素D，钙和维生素B12水平的信息。如果您在任何这些或其他营养素中低，您的医生可能会建议进行补充。无论您的行动方案如何，在几个月内跟进额外的实验室工作，看看javelli说您的缺陷是否已被纠正。

铁是血细胞的构建块，但如果你患有UC，通过你的GI系统中的溃疡炎症和血液损失使您的身体难以吸收足够的矿物质。“当你的身体生病时，它不会非常有效地使血细胞有效，”日元博士说。“你不仅通过你的溃疡输掉血液，而且你的身体也可能不是很快。”这是一个问题，因为如果你没有足够的健康红细胞在你的身体中携带氧气，你会开发贫血，导致你一直感到超级疲惫。

大多数时候，医生更喜欢通过您的饮食来获得铁，但与UC的人常常遇到艰难的时间，像绿叶蔬菜一样吃高铁食物，这可以恶化腹泻。伊恩博士说，采用铁补充剂，拿铁补充剂也可以是UC的人，因为它可能会刺激肠子（绝对不是你需要的）。好消息：“在铁缺陷不好的情况下，我们可以给静脉注射铁 - 肠子有点容易，”日元博士说。

维生素D和钙是骨骼健康的关键 - 如果您是患有高水平的处方口腔类固醇的UC的许多人之一，这尤其重要，这可能对您的骨骼有害。日元博士说，维生素D的另一个益处：据信在肠道炎症下降中发挥作用。因为维生素可以帮助您的身体更好地吸收钙，所以您通常会在单个补充中找到两个包装。

Folate (the natural form of vitamin B9 in food) and folic acid (the synthetic form used in supplements) help your body produce and maintain new cells. The nutrient plays a role in preventing anemia, so it’s important to keep your levels high. Because some UC medications, including Azulfidine (sulfasalazine) and Rasuvo and others (methotrexate), may impede your body’s ability to absorb folate, if you’re taking these meds, your doctor will likely prescribe folic acid supplements.

Vitamin B12 helps keep your body’s nerve and blood cells healthy while working to prevent certain types of anemia. Although deficiencies are more common in patients with Crohn’s disease, it can affect people with UC, too, Javelli says. “B12 is absorbed in an area of the small intestines called the distal ileum,” says Dr. Yen. “This type of deficiency is common in people who have had surgery on this area of their gut, making it hard for the body to absorb the nutrient.”

在进行任何补充之前，与您的胃肠学家（GI Doctor）讨论营养缺陷，并确定哪些补充可能有助于最多。您的文档可以告诉您有关您可能需要采取的任何其他药物或补充剂的潜在副作用和可能的交互。此外，一些草本补充剂可以影响消化系统，可能会使腹泻和其他UC症状更差，所以始终首先由医学专家运行。